Stat 365: Statistical Communication
Today we will…1
gestalt = form or pattern
Gestalt philosophy: “The whole is other than the sum parts” -Kurt Koffka
Gestalt principals: Predictable ways by which we organize sensory information.
We interpret objects that are close to each other as a group
We interpret objects that are visually similar to each other as a group
When parts of a picture are missing, we fill in the visual gap
We perceive objects as being symmetrical, arranged around a center point
We group objects that we percieve to be moving along the same path
We tend to group objects along the smoothest path
| Effect | Graphs |
|---|---|
| Enclosure | Facets |
| Connection | Lines |
| Proximity | White space |
| Similarity | Color/shape |
Color (hue)
Orientation
Intensity
Clustering
Size
Length
and more!
The following are the 10 elementary tasks in Figure 1, ordered from most to least accurate:
Know how we perceive groups
Know that we perceive some groups before others
Design to facilitate and emphasize the most important comparisons
| body_loc | swim_loc | time | avg_temp |
|---|---|---|---|
| cheek | indoor | pre | 95.2 |
| cheek | indoor | post1 | 84.3 |
| cheek | indoor | post2 | 86.2 |
| elbow | indoor | pre | 95.4 |
| elbow | indoor | post1 | 89.1 |
| elbow | indoor | post2 | 91.4 |
| palm | indoor | pre | 91.7 |
| palm | indoor | post1 | 84.1 |
| palm | indoor | post2 | 89.3 |
| pec | indoor | pre | 93.3 |
| pec | indoor | post1 | 84.2 |
| pec | indoor | post2 | 87.6 |
| cheek | outdoor | pre | 76.0 |
| cheek | outdoor | post1 | 53.0 |
| cheek | outdoor | post2 | 61.6 |
| elbow | outdoor | pre | 92.5 |
| elbow | outdoor | post1 | 61.9 |
| elbow | outdoor | post2 | 80.6 |
| palm | outdoor | pre | 74.6 |
| palm | outdoor | post1 | 48.6 |
| palm | outdoor | post2 | 58.5 |
| pec | outdoor | pre | 87.2 |
| pec | outdoor | post1 | 52.9 |
| pec | outdoor | post2 | 69.6 |
4 body locations
x 2 swim locations
x 3 time points
= 24 body temperature averages
Client Question
Does the body temperature recovery as recorded at the four body points depend on water temperature?
Consultant Questions
What are the elemental groupings? (What belongs together?)
How do we design for effective emphasis?
Does the body temperature recovery as recorded at the four body points depend on water temperature?
Does the body temperature recovery as recorded at the four body points depend on water temperature?
Most elemental
Least elemental
Does the body temperature recovery as recorded at the four body points depend on water temperature?
The graph is meant to demonstrate that the 2011 to 2012 increase observed in total new marriages was driven primarily by an increase in those having a bachelor’s degree or more.
Data and Methods + Table
Practice in Tableau